A case study involves an up-close, in-depth, and detailed examination of a particular case. For example, a case study in medicine may examine a specific patient, and a case study in business might cover a particular firm's strategy. Similarly, a case study in politics can range from a narrow set of events (e.g., a political campaign) to an enormously broad set (e.g., a World War). Generally, a case can represent nearly any individual, group, organization, event, belief system, or action. A case study can be produced by following a formal research method. These case studies are likely to appear in formal research venues, as journals and professional conferences, rather than in popular works. Case study research can mean single and multiple case studies, can include quantitative evidence, relies on multiple sources of evidence, and benefits from the prior development of theoretical propositions. Case studies may involve both qualitative and quantitative research methods. Single-subject research provides the statistical framework for making inferences from quantitative case-study data. Another suggestion is that case study should be defined as a "research strategy", an empirical inquiry that investigates a phenomenon within its real-life context. A case study does not necessarily have to be N=1, as there may be many observations within a case (many individuals and entities across many time periods). The resulting body of case study research has long had a prominent place in many disciplines and professions, ranging from psychology, anthropology, sociology, and political science to education, clinical science, social work, and administrative science. Case study research have also played a prominent place in business and management research.